The scientific literature was searched for publications meeting the following search terms: "tuberculosis" or "HIV" or "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", combined with "Central Africa", or the names of individual countries within the region. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview on current and past research activities in the region and provides a basis for future research work to close knowledge gaps. Reliable and comprehensive data on the HIV/AIDS and TB co-pandemics from Central Africa remain scarce. Improving the treatment compliance of TB patients and the quality of medical care in public health institutions is urgently needed. The higher number of MDR-TB among new cases suggested that the transmission of drug-resistant strains in Jilin is an urgent problem in the MDR-TB control and prevention system of Jilin Province. Jilin Province remains one of the highest-burden areas in China for drug-resistant TB. Risk factors associated with MDR-TB include employment status, educational background, and income level. Of these, 810 cases would be new patients, and 480 cases would involve re-treated patients. We estimate that approximately 1,290 new MDR-TB cases develop in Jilin Province every year. Approximately 12% of MDR-TB patients were extensively drug-resistant. Of 1,174 new TB patients and 597 re-treated TB patients, 8.6% and 23.2% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB patients, respectively. Based on the survey results, we estimated the number of drug-resistant TB patients and analyzed the risk factors associated with the emergence of drug resistance. Sputum samples were collected, and the susceptibility of bacterial strains to anti-TB drugs was analyzed by proportion method. People enrolled in the survey were new and re-treated, smear-positive pulmonary TB patients newly enrolled in local TB control and prevention institutions during the survey period. Thirty counties in Jilin Province were randomly selected as survey sites using a stratified cluster sampling method. We conducted a first baseline survey in Jilin Province of China to determine the proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), and to analyze risk factors associated with the emergence of drug-resistance.
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